T-Lymphocytes (thymus-derived) are the chief type of defense cells mediating cellular immunity against cancer cells, viruses, or transplanted tissues or cells. In order for T-lymphocytes to be effective in attacking their targets, they must be activated from a resting, non-proliferating state, to a dynamic, proliferating state. The first effective activating agent for T-Lymphocytes was found to be phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a complex glycoprotein octamer, derived from Phaseolus vulgaris. This discovery launched the whole field of clinical cytogenetics by allowing human blood cell chromosome karyotypes to be analyzed from a small blood sample.
   Donor T-Lymphocytes can now be immuno-activated by injection as a cell transplant into a recipient patient, alone as T-Lymphocytes, or as part of an allogeneic blood stem-cell transplant, in a graft vs. tumor reaction.

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1. Frenster JH, and Hovsepian JA, "Overshoot in Late Telophase for RNA Re-Programming of Mitotic Chromatin".

2. Hovsepian JA, and Frenster JH, "RNA-Induced Melting of DNA during Selective Gene Transcription".

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4. Gottesfeld JM,  and Barbas CF III, "RNA as a Transcriptional Activator".

Further Topics in:  Euchromatin,  active DNA, and  RNA  ribo-regulators:

Reviews and Research:

Links to Euchromatin Activator RNA Reviews:
Links to Euchromatin Activator RNA Research:
Links to Ultrastructural Probes of DNase I-Sensitive Sites:
Links to RNA as a Therapeutic Agent:
Links to Hodgkin Lymphoma Immuno-Pathology:
Links to Activated T-Lymphocyte Immunotherapy:
Links to Medical Systems Biology:

"Ultrastructural Probes of Active DNA Sites, and the RNA Activators of DNA".